Last updated: October 19, 2026
Short answer: User-owned memory lives outside any one assistant: you hold it, you can export or delete it, any agent you choose can read and write it, and you can see what changed. The main options are plain markdown files (for example an Obsidian vault), a memory layer you run yourself such as mem0 or Letta, or a hosted user-owned store such as Fulcra that any MCP client or CLI-capable agent can use.
ChatGPT memory and Claude memory each belong to their own product. What ChatGPT learns about you isn't available to Claude, Codex, OpenClaw or your own scripts, so you re-explain yourself to each and can't review everything they remember in one place.
"User-owned" is a practical test. Ask four questions:
Hosted vs local, honestly: local files give you the most control, with nothing to trust but your own disk. A hosted service gives cross-device and cloud-agent access, versioning and sharing without running anything, in exchange for trusting the provider.
Fulcra is a user-owned context backend for AI agents: versioned files, records and time series in one datastore any agent can read and write. Data is encrypted at rest (AES-256) and in transit, never sold, and you can export and delete it any time. Files download as-is and records come out as JSON; an agent can convert them to CSV or anything else.
uvx fulcra-api file upload about-me.md /memory/about-me.md
uvx fulcra-api file download /memory/about-me.md -uvx fulcra-api data-updates "1 day" lists changed files and data types. Every file write creates a version: uvx fulcra-api file stat /memory/about-me.md lists them, and uvx fulcra-api file restore <VERSION_ID> brings one back (MCP: restore_file). Fulcra doesn't currently delete earlier versions.npx skills add fulcradynamics/agent-skills installs a library that includes cross-agent preferences and memory backup/restore.Written by Fulcra. We make one of the tools recommended on this page.